The EVGA 650 N1 is a low-end PSU with low overall performance, low efficiency, noisy operation, and low-end parts at its internals. It managed to deliver, though, full load at 36 degrees Celsius, and its transient response at 12V is satisfactory, while the hold-up time is longer than what the ATX spec requires. Its build quality is low, and you should be careful not to overload its +12V rail since OCP is not correctly configured. This is definitely not stuff for our best PSU picks article, and you should get a Corsair CX650 or a CV650 instead. If you can pay more, you should also look at the Cooler Master MWE Bronze with similar capacity.
The EVGA N1 line consists of three members with capacities ranging from 550W to 750W. These PSUs aim for the mainstream market, so they don't have any modular cables, and according to EVGA, they can deliver full power at a low ambient temperature, 25 degrees Celsius. Typically, high-end PSUs can deliver full power continuously at 50 degrees Celsius. Still, they use higher quality components to achieve this, which cost way more than the parts that EVGA and HEC used for the N1 models.
Product Photos
Theoretically speaking, the 650 N1 could handle a strong graphics card like the Nvidia RTX 3070, but I would advise against that since it only has two PCIe connectors installed on the same cable, which uses thin 20AWG gauges. If you have invested a high amount for a good GPU, it's better spend a bit more to get a decent power supply. Getting a PSU based on your leftover money after purchasing all the other system parts is not a wise move.
Product Photos
Specifications
| Manufacturer (OEM) | HEC |
| Max. DC Output | 650W |
|
Efficiency |
80 PLUS White, ETA-S (82-85%) |
|
Noise |
LAMBDA-S+ (35-40 dB[A]) |
|
Modular |
✗ |
| Intel C6/C7 Power State Support |
✓ |
| Operating Temperature (Continuous Full Load) | 0 - 25°C |
| Over Voltage Protection |
✓ |
| Under Voltage Protection |
✓ |
| Over Power Protection |
✓ |
| Over Current (+12V) Protection |
✗ |
| Over Temperature Protection |
✓ |
| Short Circuit Protection |
✓ |
| Surge Protection |
✓ |
| Inrush Current Protection |
✓ |
| Fan Failure Protection |
✗ |
| No Load Operation |
✓ |
|
Cooling |
120mm Rifle Bearing Fan (DWPH EFS-12E12H) |
| Semi-Passive Operation |
✗ |
| Dimensions (W x H x D) | 150 x 85 x 140mm |
|
Weight |
1.76 kg (3.88 lb) |
| Form Factor | ATX12V v2.4, EPS 2.92 |
|
Warranty |
2 Years |
Power Specifications
| Rail | 3.3V | 5V | 12V | 5VSB | -12V | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Max. Power | Amps | 24 | 20 | 52 | 3 | 0.3 |
| Watts | 130 | 624 | 15 | 3.6 | ||
| Total Max. Power (W) | 650 | |||||
Cables & Connectors
| Fixed Cables | Cable Count | Connector Count (Total) | Gauge | In Cable Capacitors |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATX connector 20+4 pin (560mm) | 1 | 1 | 18-20AWG | No |
| 4+4 pin EPS12V (620mm) | 1 | 1 | 18AWG | No |
| 6+2 pin PCIe (560mm+120mm) | 1 | 2 | 20AWG | No |
| SATA (450mm+120mm+120mm) | 2 | 6 | 20AWG | No |
| 4-pin Molex (450mm+120mm+120mm) / FDD (+120mm) | 1 | 3 / 1 | 20-22AWG | No |
All cables are fixed, and the amount of provided connectors is satisfactory, given that this is a mainstream PSU. All cables are long enough, but the distance between all peripheral connectors is short. Moreover, it is a great shame to use thin 20AWG gauges on the PCIe and SATA connectors, while the ATX spec recommends 18AWG, at least.
Cable Photos
Component Analysis
We strongly encourage you to have a look at our PSUs 101 article, which provides valuable information about PSUs and their operation, allowing you to better understand the components we're about to discuss.
| General Data | - |
| Manufacturer (OEM) | HEC |
| PCB Type | Single Sided |
| Primary Side | - |
| Transient Filter | 4x Y caps, 2x X caps, 2x CM chokes, 1x MOV, 1x MPS HF81 (1x Discharge IC) |
| Inrush Protection | NTC Thermistor SCK-1R55 (1.5Ohm) |
| Bridge Rectifier(s) | 2 GBU1006 (600V, 10A @ 100°C) |
| APFC MOSFETs | 3x MagnaChip MDP18N50 (500V, 11A @ 100°C, Rds(on): 0.27Ohm) |
| APFC Boost Diode | 1x NXP BYC10-600 (600V, 10A @ 78°C) |
| Bulk Cap(s) | 1x Teapo (400V, 470uF, 2,000h @ 85°C, LH) |
| Main Switchers | 2x MagnaChip MDP18N50 (500V, 11A @ 100°C, Rds(on): 0.27Ohm) |
| PFC / PWM Combo Controller | Champion CM6800TX |
| Topology | Primary side: APFC, Double Forward Secondary side: Passive Rectification & Group Regulation |
| Secondary Side | - |
| +12V & 5V SBRs | 4x SBR30A60CT (60V, 30A @ 125°C), 2x STMicroelectronics STPS30L45CT (45V, 30A @ 135°C) |
| 3.3V SBRs | 2x STMicroelectronics STPS30L45CT (45V, 30A @ 135°C) |
| Filtering Capacitors | Electrolytic: 10x Teapo (1-3,000h @ 105°C, SC), 2x Elite (1,000h @ 85°C, PS) |
| Supervisor IC | Weltrend WT7527 (OCP, OVP, UVP, SCP, PG) |
| Fan Model | DWPH EFS-12E12H (120mm, 12V, 0.50A, Rifle Bearing Fan) |
| 5VSB Circuit | - |
| Rectifier | 1x PFC PFR10L60CT SBR (60V, 10A) |
| Standby PWM Controller | Power Integrations TNY279PN |
Overall Photos
This is a low-end platform from HEC, using an outdated design. On the primary side, there is an APFC converter, thankfully, and the two pain FETs are installed in double forward topology. On the secondary side, passive rectification is used along with a group regulation scheme where 12V and 5V are tied together, while the 3.3V rail is independently regulated. Group regulation is not recommended for any modern system since it requires a high enough load at 12V and 5V to keep voltages on these rails in control. If the load is unbalanced between the rails, load regulation goes south.
Transient filter
The transient filtering stage includes all necessary parts, and it even uses an MOV and a discharge IC. It is a nice surprise to find discharge ICs in such low-end platforms.
Bridge rectifiers
HEC was wise enough to use two bridge rectifiers in this platform, which are bolted on a heat sink.
APFC converter
The APFC converter uses three MagnaChip FETs and one NXP boost diode. These are decent parts, but we cannot say the same for the Teapo bulk cap, which is only rated at 85 degrees Celsius.
Main FETs and primary transformer
The primary switching FETs are configured in a double forward topology, which is rarely used nowadays since most manufacturers prefer half-bridge topologies in their mid-capacity PSUs.
12V and minor rail SBRs
The only two coils on the secondary side are a clear indication of a group regulation scheme. To make matters even worse, SBRs (Schottky Barrier Diodes) are used to rectify all rails instead of FETs, which are much more efficient.
Filtering caps
The filtering caps on the secondary side belong to low-end Teapo and Elite lines. This PSU will have a hard time outliving the two-year warranty under higher than 30 degrees Celsius operating temperatures.
5VSB circuit
The standby PWM controller is a Power Integrations TNY279PN, while the secondary rectifier is a PFC PFR10L60CT SBR. The latter is strong enough to handle the 5VSB rail's demands.
The supervisor IC is provided by Weltrend and supports all necessary protection features but OTP, which looks to be missing from this platform.
Soldering quality
Soldering quality is satisfactory. Definitely not great, but good enough for this price range.
Cooling fan
EVGA states that the PSU's fan has a sleeve bearing, but I broke it apart and found an inferior rifle bearing. It is weird that EVGA's marketing team totally missed this.
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To learn more about our PSU tests and methodology, please check out How We Test Power Supply Units.
Cooler Master MWE 650 Bronze
CORSAIR CX650
Corsair CV650
Primary Rails And 5VSB Load Regulation
The following charts show the main rails' voltage values recorded between a range of 40W up to the PSU's maximum specified load, along with the deviation (in percent). Tight regulation is an important consideration every time we review a power supply because it facilitates constant voltage levels despite varying loads. Tight load regulation also, among other factors, improves the system’s stability, especially under overclocked conditions and, at the same time, it applies less stress to the DC-DC converters that many system components utilize.
Results 1-8: Load Regulation
Load regulation is loose on most rails, especially at 12V and 3.3V.
Hold-Up Time
Put simply; hold-up time is the amount of time that the system can continue to run without shutting down or rebooting during a power interruption.
Results 9-12: Hold-Up Time
The hold-up time is quite long, but the power ok signal's hold-up time does not reach 16ms, as it should.
Inrush Current
Inrush current, or switch-on surge, refers to the maximum, instantaneous input current drawn by an electrical device when it is first turned on. A large enough inrush current can cause circuit breakers and fuses to trip. It can also damage switches, relays, and bridge rectifiers. As a result, the lower the inrush current of a PSU right as it is turned on, the better.
Results 13-14: Inrush Current
The inrush current with both 115V and 230V is low.
Leakage Current
In layman's terms, leakage current is the unwanted transfer of energy from one circuit to another. In power supplies, it is the current flowing from the primary side to the ground or the chassis, which in the majority of cases is connected to the ground. For measuring leakage current, we use a GW Instek GPT-9904 electrical safety tester instrument.
The leakage current test is conducted at 110% of the DUT's rated voltage input (so for a 230-240V device, we should conduct the test with 253-264V input). The maximum acceptable limit of a leakage current is 3.5 mA and it is defined by the IEC-60950-1 regulation, ensuring that the current is low and will not harm any person coming in contact with the power supply's chassis.
Leakage current is low and this is good, of course.
10-110% Load Tests
These tests reveal the PSU's load regulation and efficiency levels under high ambient temperatures. They also show how the fan speed profile behaves under increased operating temperatures.
| Test # | 12V | 5V | 3.3V | 5VSB | DC/AC (Watts) | Efficiency | Fan Speed (RPM) | PSU Noise (dB[A]) | Temps (In/Out) | PF/AC Volts |
| 1 | 3.542A | 1.983A | 1.958A | 0.972A | 64.963 | 77.838% | 832 | 18.2 | 30.81°C | 0.975 |
| 12.243V | 5.045V | 3.368V | 5.144V | 83.459 | 34.56°C | 115.18V | ||||
| 2 | 8.116A | 2.979A | 2.952A | 1.171A | 130.032 | 83.396% | 862 | 19.2 | 30.97°C | 0.984 |
| 12.215V | 5.033V | 3.354V | 5.124V | 155.921 | 35.23°C | 115.17V | ||||
| 3 | 13.055A | 3.479A | 3.457A | 1.371A | 195.036 | 85.025% | 923 | 21.5 | 31.30°C | 0.981 |
| 12.178V | 5.031V | 3.341V | 5.106V | 229.386 | 36.45°C | 115.16V | ||||
| 4 | 18.017A | 3.980A | 3.964A | 1.572A | 260.040 | 85.423% | 1073 | 26.2 | 31.69°C | 0.984 |
| 12.146V | 5.027V | 3.329V | 5.090V | 304.413 | 37.59°C | 115.16V | ||||
| 5 | 22.662A | 4.986A | 4.977A | 1.777A | 325.081 | 85.051% | 1432 | 35.0 | 32.45°C | 0.982 |
| 12.116V | 5.016V | 3.314V | 5.067V | 382.220 | 38.67°C | 115.13V | ||||
| 6 | 27.261A | 6.003A | 6.002A | 1.983A | 389.500 | 84.626% | 1427 | 35.0 | 32.61°C | 0.989 |
| 12.094V | 4.997V | 3.300V | 5.044V | 460.262 | 39.56°C | 115.15V | ||||
| 7 | 31.963A | 7.026A | 7.033A | 2.188A | 454.749 | 83.896% | 1606 | 38.0 | 33.67°C | 0.993 |
| 12.065V | 4.983V | 3.285V | 5.028V | 542.038 | 41.24°C | 115.11V | ||||
| 8 | 36.712A | 8.002A | 8.077A | 2.398A | 519.889 | 82.891% | 1834 | 41.7 | 33.90°C | 0.994 |
| 12.032V | 4.970V | 3.268V | 5.006V | 627.197 | 42.05°C | 115.12V | ||||
| 9 | 41.895A | 8.552A | 8.602A | 2.405A | 584.927 | 82.050% | 1864 | 42.1 | 34.73°C | 0.995 |
| 11.993V | 4.967V | 3.255V | 4.991V | 712.895 | 43.63°C | 115.12V | ||||
| 10 | 46.871A | 9.063A | 9.169A | 3.025A | 649.815 | 80.860% | 2033 | 44.6 | 35.53°C | 0.996 |
| 11.950V | 4.966V | 3.239V | 4.959V | 803.627 | 45.01°C | 115.15V | ||||
| 11 | 52.553A | 9.051A | 9.212A | 3.036A | 714.727 | 79.792% | 2039 | 44.7 | 36.10°C | 0.996 |
| 11.893V | 4.973V | 3.224V | 4.942V | 895.741 | 46.89°C | 115.18V | ||||
| CL1 | 4.000A | 16.001A | 16.001A | 0.001A | 178.761 | 78.661% | 1674 | 39.1 | 32.94°C | 0.981 |
| 12.375V | 4.777V | 3.301V | 5.078V | 227.256 | 39.23°C | 115.17V | ||||
| CL2 | 52.018A | 1.000A | 1.000A | 1.000A | 626.563 | 81.481% | 2007 | 44.2 | 35.11°C | 0.996 |
| 11.786V | 5.172V | 3.272V | 5.036V | 768.970 | 45.83°C | 115.16V |
For a ten-minute period, the PSU delivered 110% of its max-rated-capacity at 36 degrees Celsius, without blowing sky-high. EVGA rates this model for 25 degrees Celsius at continuous full load output, so we pushed it way above its official spec, and it survived.
Since this is a group-regulated platform, the performance in the CL1 and CL2 tests is bad with high voltage deviations at 12V and 5V. These rails are tied together, so unbalanced loads create huge trouble.
20-80W Load Tests
In the following tests, we measure the PSU's efficiency at loads significantly lower than 10% of its maximum capacity (the lowest load the 80 PLUS standard measures). This is important for representing when a PC is idle with power-saving features turned on.
| Test # | 12V | 5V | 3.3V | 5VSB | DC/AC (Watts) | Efficiency | Fan Speed (RPM) | PSU Noise (dB[A]) | PF/AC Volts |
| 1 | 1.213A | 0.493A | 0.488A | 0.193A | 19.997 | 61.327% | 815 | 17.3 | 0.933 |
| 12.236V | 5.085V | 3.381V | 5.172V | 32.607 | 115.19V | ||||
| 2 | 2.425A | 0.987A | 0.978A | 0.388A | 39.986 | 72.454% | 804 | 17.1 | 0.965 |
| 12.238V | 5.069V | 3.376V | 5.163V | 55.188 | 115.19V | ||||
| 3 | 3.642A | 1.483A | 1.469A | 0.582A | 60.014 | 77.775% | 815 | 17.3 | 0.971 |
| 12.235V | 5.059V | 3.371V | 5.154V | 77.164 | 115.18V | ||||
| 4 | 4.853A | 1.981A | 1.961A | 0.778A | 79.963 | 80.145% | 823 | 17.8 | 0.974 |
| 12.231V | 5.049V | 3.366V | 5.145V | 99.773 | 115.18V |
Under light loads the PSU's fan is inaudible, but the efficiency levels are super-low.
2% or 10W Load Test
Intel plans on raising the ante at efficiency levels under ultra-light loads. So from July 2020, the ATX spec requires 70% and higher efficiency with 115V input. The applied load is only 10W for PSUs with 500W and lower capacities, while for stronger units we dial 2% of their max-rated-capacity.
| Test # | 12V | 5V | 3.3V | 5VSB | DC/AC (Watts) | Efficiency | Fan Speed (RPM) | PSU Noise (dB[A]) | PF/AC Volts |
| 1 | 0.880A | 0.246A | 0.293A | 0.051A | 13.275 | 54.650% | 753 | 15.1 | 0.944 |
| 12.234V | 5.095V | 3.384V | 5.178V | 24.291 | 115.17V |
We didn't expect this PSU to be even close to 60% efficiency at super light loads.
Efficiency & Power Factor
Next, we plotted a chart showing the PSU’s efficiency at low loads, and loads from 10 to 110% of its maximum rated capacity. The higher a PSU’s efficiency, the less energy goes wasted, leading to a reduced carbon footprint and lower electricity bills. The same goes for Power Factor.
Results 15-18: Efficiency
Very low-efficiency levels in all load regions. On the other hand, the APFC converter's performance is satisfactory.
5VSB Efficiency
| Test # | 5VSB | DC/AC (Watts) | Efficiency | PF/AC Volts |
| 1 | 0.100A | 0.518 | 75.510% | 0.135 |
| 5.181V | 0.686 | 115.18V | ||
| 2 | 0.250A | 1.295 | 79.156% | 0.242 |
| 5.178V | 1.636 | 115.18V | ||
| 3 | 0.550A | 2.845 | 80.299% | 0.323 |
| 5.171V | 3.543 | 115.17V | ||
| 4 | 1.000A | 5.164 | 80.511% | 0.367 |
| 5.163V | 6.414 | 115.17V | ||
| 5 | 1.500A | 7.731 | 80.180% | 0.394 |
| 5.153V | 9.642 | 115.17V | ||
| 6 | 3.000A | 15.378 | 75.840% | 0.438 |
| 5.126V | 20.277 | 115.16V |
Results 19-20: 5VSB Efficiency
The 5VSB rail is efficient.
Power Consumption In Idle And Standby
| Mode | 12V | 5V | 3.3V | 5VSB | Watts | PF/AC Volts |
| Idle | 12.203V | 5.134V | 3.386V | 5.181V | 6.812 | 0.750 |
| 115.2V | ||||||
| Standby | 0.055 | 0.010 | ||||
| 115.2V |
Results 21-22: Vampire Power
Vampire power is low with 115V, but above 0.1W with 230V. Nonetheless, you cannot be picky in this price range.
Fan RPM, Delta Temperature, And Output Noise
All results are obtained between an ambient temperature of 37 to 47 degrees Celsius (98.6 to 116.6 degrees Fahrenheit).
The fan profile is aggressive, especially at high loads, because of the low efficiency platform. Without strong airflow, the thermal load could easily kill the PSU.
The following results were obtained at 30 to 32 degrees Celsius (86 to 89.6 degrees Fahrenheit) ambient temperature.
The fan speed profile remains aggressive at lower operating temperatures, so you better avoid this PSU if you want a silent system. With more than 350W loads, the output noise exceeds 40 dBA.
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Protection Features
Check out our PSUs 101 article to learn more about PSU protection features.
|
Protection Features |
||
|
OCP (Cold @ 25°C) |
12V: >72.8A (>140%), <11.423V, 107.31mV ripple |
Tested with 2A at 12V 5V:19.4A (97%), 4.75V 3.3V: 34.2A (142.5%), 3.268V, 71.7mV ripple |
|
OCP (Hot @ 34°C) |
12V: >72.8A (>140%), <11.436V, 132.27mV ripple |
Tested with 2A at 12V 5V: 19.2A (96%), 4.751V 3.3V: 34A (141.67%), 3.267V, 57.73mV ripple |
|
OPP (Cold @ 28°C) |
844.99W (130%) |
|
|
OPP (Hot @ 33°C) |
845.89W (130.14%) |
|
|
OTP |
✓ (169°C @ 12V Heat Sink) |
|
|
SCP |
12V to Earth: ✓ 5V to Earth: ✓ 3.3V to Earth: ✓ 5VSB to Earth: ✓ -12V to Earth: ✓ | |
|
PWR_OK |
Accurate but lower than 16ms |
|
|
NLO |
✓ |
|
|
SIP |
Surge: MOV Inrush: NTC Thermistor |
We could easily kill this PSU since OCP (overcurrent protection) at 12V is not correctly set, but we aborted the test and let it live since we only have one sample to conduct all tests. The 5V rail was unable to deliver its advertised full power, while the 3.3V rail's OCP is sky-high, so ripple on this rail gets out of control. Finally, the Over Power Protection should be lower than 130%, given the platform's capabilities. The good thing is that there is OTP (over temperature protection), which is essential to any PSU.
DC Power Sequencing
According to Intel’s most recent Power Supply Design Guide (revision 1.4), the +12V and 5V outputs must be equal to or greater than the 3.3V rail at all times. Unfortunately, Intel doesn't mention why it is so important to always keep the 3.3V rail's voltage lower than the levels of the other two outputs.
DC Power Sequencing Scope Shots
The 3.3V rail's voltage level is dead close to 5V, but it doesn't seem to go above it.
Cross Load Tests
To generate the following charts, we set our loaders to auto mode through custom-made software before trying more than 25,000 possible load combinations with the +12V, 5V, and 3.3V rails. The deviations in each of the charts below are calculated by taking the nominal values of the rails (12V, 5V, and 3.3V) as point zero. The ambient temperature during testing was between 30 to 32 degrees Celsius (86 to 89.6 degrees Fahrenheit).
Load Regulation Graphs
Load Regulation Graphs
Efficiency Graph
Ripple Graphs
The lower the power supply's ripple, the more stable the system will be and less stress will also be applied to its components.
Ripple Suppression Graphs
Infrared Images
We apply a half-load for 10 minutes with the PSU's top cover and cooling fan removed before taking photos with a modified FLIR E4 camera able to deliver an IR resolution of 320x240 (76,800 pixels).
The APFC converter and the bridge rectifier have low operating temperatures, which also applies to the main transformer. The 12V/5V coil on the secondary side is the hottest part, at 74 degrees Celsius.
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Advanced Transient Response Tests
For details about our transient response testing, please click here.
In the real world, power supplies are always working with loads that change. It's of immense importance, then, for the PSU to keep its rails within the ATX specification's defined ranges. The smaller the deviations, the more stable your PC will be with less stress applied to its components.
We should note that the ATX spec requires capacitive loading during the transient rests, but in our methodology, we also choose to apply a worst case scenario with no additional capacitance on the rails.
Advanced Transient Response at 20% – 20ms
| Voltage | Before | After | Change | Pass/Fail |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12V | 12.210V | 11.981V | 1.88% | Pass |
| 5V | 5.035V | 4.892V | 2.84% | Pass |
| 3.3V | 3.353V | 3.126V | 6.77% | Fail |
| 5VSB | 5.122V | 5.074V | 0.94% | Pass |
Advanced Transient Response at 20% – 10ms
| Voltage | Before | After | Change | Pass/Fail |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12V | 12.223V | 11.995V | 1.87% | Pass |
| 5V | 5.025V | 4.855V | 3.38% | Pass |
| 3.3V | 3.352V | 3.139V | 6.35% | Fail |
| 5VSB | 5.122V | 5.058V | 1.25% | Pass |
Advanced Transient Response at 20% – 1ms
| Voltage | Before | After | Change | Pass/Fail |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12V | 12.220V | 11.976V | 2.00% | Pass |
| 5V | 5.027V | 4.882V | 2.88% | Pass |
| 3.3V | 3.353V | 3.105V | 7.40% | Fail |
| 5VSB | 5.122V | 5.069V | 1.03% | Pass |
Advanced Transient Response at 50% – 20ms
| Voltage | Before | After | Change | Pass/Fail |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12V | 12.117V | 11.898V | 1.81% | Pass |
| 5V | 5.012V | 4.868V | 2.87% | Pass |
| 3.3V | 3.313V | 3.055V | 7.79% | Fail |
| 5VSB | 5.066V | 5.021V | 0.89% | Pass |
Advanced Transient Response at 50% – 10ms
| Voltage | Before | After | Change | Pass/Fail |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12V | 12.137V | 11.908V | 1.89% | Pass |
| 5V | 4.995V | 4.842V | 3.06% | Pass |
| 3.3V | 3.313V | 3.076V | 7.15% | Fail |
| 5VSB | 5.068V | 4.980V | 1.74% | Pass |
Advanced Transient Response at 50% – 1ms
| Voltage | Before | After | Change | Pass/Fail |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12V | 12.133V | 11.847V | 2.36% | Pass |
| 5V | 4.999V | 4.834V | 3.30% | Pass |
| 3.3V | 3.313V | 3.127V | 5.61% | Fail |
| 5VSB | 5.067V | 4.968V | 1.95% | Pass |
Results 25-29: Transient Response
Transient response is decent at 12V, for this price range, and quite good at 5V and 5VSB. At 3.3V, it is terrible, though.
Turn-On Transient Tests
In the next set of tests, we measure the PSU's response in simpler transient load scenarios—during its power-on phase. Ideally, we don't want to see any voltage overshoots or spikes since those put a lot of stress on the DC-DC converters of installed components.
Turn-On Transient Response Scope Shots
The spike at 5VSB reaches 5.382V, so it is lower than the maximum (5.5V). The 12V rail behaves better in the next two tests.
Power Supply Timing Tests
There are several signals generated by the power supply, which need to be within specified, by the ATX spec, ranges. If they are not, there can be compatibility issues with other system parts, especially mainboards. From year 2020, the PSU's Power-on time (T1) has to be lower than 150ms and the PWR_OK delay (T3) from 100 to 150ms, to be compatible with the Alternative Sleep Mode.
| T1 (Power-on time) & T3 (PWR_OK delay) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Load | T1 | T3 |
| 20% | 51ms | 270ms |
| 100% | 51ms | 270ms |
The PWR_OK delay is out of the 100-150ms region, so the PSU does not support the alternative sleep mode. It would be a huge surprise if it did! The Power-on Time is low enough to retain compatibility with all mainboards.
Ripple Measurements
Ripple represents the AC fluctuations (periodic) and noise (random) found in the PSU's DC rails. This phenomenon significantly decreases the capacitors' lifespan because it causes them to run hotter. A 10-degree Celsius increase can cut into a cap's useful life by 50%. Ripple also plays an important role in overall system stability, especially when overclocking is involved.
The ripple limits, according to the ATX specification, are 120mV (+12V) and 50mV (5V, 3.3V, and 5VSB).
| Test | 12V | 5V | 3.3V | 5VSB | Pass/Fail |
| 10% Load | 12.4 mV | 15.7 mV | 11.6 mV | 9.4 mV | Pass |
| 20% Load | 14.0 mV | 16.0 mV | 12.4 mV | 8.1 mV | Pass |
| 30% Load | 16.5 mV | 15.4 mV | 12.3 mV | 9.0 mV | Pass |
| 40% Load | 17.0 mV | 17.1 mV | 13.6 mV | 11.0 mV | Pass |
| 50% Load | 20.9 mV | 19.6 mV | 14.7 mV | 13.3 mV | Pass |
| 60% Load | 23.1 mV | 19.9 mV | 15.0 mV | 18.3 mV | Pass |
| 70% Load | 25.9 mV | 21.1 mV | 15.7 mV | 17.1 mV | Pass |
| 80% Load | 32.2 mV | 23.0 mV | 23.8 mV | 19.0 mV | Pass |
| 90% Load | 38.7 mV | 22.5 mV | 24.7 mV | 18.5 mV | Pass |
| 100% Load | 56.3 mV | 28.3 mV | 25.7 mV | 16.6 mV | Pass |
| 110% Load | 63.9 mV | 28.4 mV | 25.6 mV | 16.9 mV | Pass |
| Crossload 1 | 28.9 mV | 53.5 mV | 32.6 mV | 17.7 mV | Fail |
| Crossload 2 | 63.6 mV | 23.8 mV | 18.2 mV | 9.5 mV | Pass |
Ripple gets high at 12V with full and 110% load, at increased operating temperatures. In the other normal tests, it is low enough. During the CL1 test, where the load is low at 12V and high on the minor rails, the 5V rail's ripple goes above the limit. Group regulated PSUs don't perform well with unbalanced loads.
Ripple At Full Load
Ripple Full Load Scope Shots
Ripple At 110% Load
Ripple 110% Load Scope Shots
Ripple At Cross-Load 1
Ripple CL1 Load Scope Shots
Ripple At Cross-Load 2
Ripple CL2 Load Scope Shots
EMC Pre-Compliance Testing – Average & Quasi-Peak EMI Detector Results
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) is the ability of a device to operate properly in its environment without disrupting the proper operation of other nearby devices.
Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) stands for the electromagnetic energy a device emits, and it can cause problems in other nearby devices if too high. For example, it can be the cause of increased static noise in your headphones or/and speakers.
It's been quite long since the last time we saw such high EMI emissions on a PSU. The unit's EMI filter needs fixing.
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Performance Rating
Low overall performance, only a bit higher than the EVGA 600 W1.
Noise Rating
The graph below depicts the cooling fan's average noise over the PSU's operating range, with an ambient temperature between 30 to 32 degrees Celsius (86 to 89.6 degrees Fahrenheit).
This is a noisy PSU, so you should keep this in mind before you decide to buy it.
Efficiency Rating
The following graph shows the PSU's average efficiency throughout its operating range with an ambient temperature close to 30 degrees Celsius.
Bottom low average efficiency. The outdated platform is the problem here.
Power Factor Rating
The following graph shows the PSU's average power factor reading throughout its operating range with an ambient temperature close to 30 degrees Celsius.
A section where it performs decently! The average PF score is quite high.
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This is a low-end power supply from EVGA, which might be affordable. Still, with such low performance and efficiency, you should consider paying a bit more and get a Bronze unit instead of a White. The era of group regulated PSUs has passed, thankfully.
It is a shame that the protection features don't work well since the high over current protection at 12V and the highly set over power protection can easily kill this power supply under increased operating temperatures. There is over-temperature protection, at least, which is essential to any power supply. Another let down was the high EMI emissions, which can affect any electronics device in the same network.
We wonder how this unit is sold in several regions, including Europe, where EMI emissions should not exceed the corresponding limits or else the product is not even allowed to be imported. Most manufacturers can get EMI reports from third-tier labs, though, or just test Golden samples and overcome this obstacle. As a sidenote, EVGA did not provide the sample we evaluated, but we bought it ourselves, so it is what a regular customer will find in the stores.
The EVGA 650 N1 is a fine example of what you get when you cheap out on the PSU. You might have a super high-end graphics card and a powerful CPU. Still, these two will be tied to the PSU's operation and will be affected, of course, if the power supply doesn't provide stable and clean rails. Even for lower-end systems, it is highly preferred to use a good PSU over a cheap one.
If you are looking for an affordable 650W power supply, currently, the available options are limited because prices are sky-high. The Corsair VS650 and CV650 have the same price as the EVGA 650 N1, during some periods, and an even better option is the Corsair CX650. If you want to go for a high-end Bronze unit, you should look at the Cooler Master MWE Bronze 650 or the Corsair CX650F.
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Disclaimer: Aris Mpitziopoulos is Tom's Hardware's PSU reviewer. He is also the Chief Testing Engineer of Cybenetics and developed the Cybenetics certification methodologies apart from his role on Tom's Hardware. Neither Tom's Hardware nor its parent company, Future PLC, are financially involved with Cybenetics. Aris does not perform the actual certifications for Cybenetics.
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EVGA 650W N1 Power Supply Review - Tom's Hardware
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